📖 Making Comparisons: Comparatives and Superlatives
Making Comparisons: Comparatives and Superlatives, 8. Sınıf İngilizce dersinin 6. ünitesi "Adventures" içindeki konulardan biri. Ünite oyununda bu konudan 5 soru var. Aşağıda kısa konu anlatımı ve çözümlü 5 örnek soru bulursun. Soruları hemen çözebilirsin — üyelik gerekmez.
📖 Making Comparisons: Comparatives and Superlatives konu anlatımı
11 dakikada okunur · 8. Sınıf İngilizce
Bu konuda karşılaştırma yapmayı öğreniyoruz. İki şey karşılaştırılırken -er than ya da more ... than, en üstünlük bildirilirken the -est ya da the most ... kullanılır.
🔧 Karşılaştırma biçimleri
| Sıfat türü | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| Tek heceli | -er | the -est |
| İki heceli (-y) | y → -ier | the -iest |
| İki heceli (öteki) | more ... | the most ... |
| Üç ve daha çok heceli | more ... | the most ... |
Tek heceli sıfatlar:
| Sıfat | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| cheap | cheaper | the cheapest |
| fast | faster | the fastest |
| high | higher | the highest |
| safe | safer | the safest |
| big | bigger | the biggest |
| hot | hotter | the hottest |
| thin | thinner | the thinnest |
Sondaki ünsüz ikizleşir (tek ünlü + tek ünsüzle bitiyorsa): big → bigger.
-y ile bitenler:
| Sıfat | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| easy | easier | the easiest |
| risky | riskier | the riskiest |
| scary | scarier | the scariest |
| happy | happier | the happiest |
| noisy | noisier | the noisiest |
more / the most alanlar:
| Sıfat | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| exciting | more exciting | the most exciting |
| dangerous | more dangerous | the most dangerous |
| challenging | more challenging | the most challenging |
| expensive | more expensive | the most expensive |
| difficult | more difficult | the most difficult |
| popular | more popular | the most popular |
| tiring | more tiring | the most tiring |
Düzensiz olanlar:
| Sıfat | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| good | better | the best |
| bad | worse | the worst |
| far | farther / further | the farthest / furthest |
| little | less | the least |
| many / much | more | the most |
İki hatayı birlikte yapmamak:
| Yanlış | Doğru | Sebep |
|---|---|---|
| more cheaper | cheaper | iki kez karşılaştırma |
| more excitinger | more exciting | iki kez karşılaştırma |
| the most biggest | the biggest | iki kez en üstünlük |
| gooder | better | düzensiz |
| the baddest | the worst | düzensiz |
⚖️ than ve as ... as
Comparative ile than:
| Yapı | Örnek |
|---|---|
| -er than | Rafting is cheaper than skydiving. |
| more ... than | Rafting is more exciting than fishing. |
| Yanlış | Doğru |
|---|---|
| cheaper to | cheaper than |
| cheaper that | cheaper than |
| more exciting from | more exciting than |
Superlative ile in / of:
| Yapı | Örnek |
|---|---|
| the -est in + yer | It is the highest mountain in Türkiye. |
| the most ... in + yer | It is the most popular sport in the world. |
| the -est of + grup | He is the fastest of all the runners. |
| one of the -est | It is one of the most exciting sports. |
Dikkat: one of the ardından çoğul isim gelir.
| Yanlış | Doğru |
|---|---|
| one of the most exciting sport | one of the most exciting sports |
Eşitlik: as ... as
| Yapı | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| as + sıfat + as | ... kadar | Caving is as exciting as rafting. |
| not as + sıfat + as | ... kadar değil | Fishing is not as exciting as rafting. |
| not so + sıfat + as | ... kadar değil | Fishing is not so exciting as rafting. |
Dikkat: as ... as arasına sıfatın yalın biçimi gelir, comparative gelmez.
| Yanlış | Doğru |
|---|---|
| as more exciting as | as exciting as |
| as cheaper as | as cheap as |
Aynı anlamı üç biçimde anlatmak:
| Yapı | Örnek |
|---|---|
| Comparative | Rafting is more exciting than fishing. |
| Ters comparative | Fishing is less exciting than rafting. |
| not as ... as | Fishing is not as exciting as rafting. |
Farkı belirtmek:
| Kalıp | Örnek |
|---|---|
| much + comparative | Rafting is much more exciting. |
| far + comparative | It is far more dangerous. |
| a lot + comparative | It is a lot cheaper. |
| a bit / slightly + comparative | It is a bit more expensive. |
| the same as | This is the same as that. |
| different from | Caving is different from climbing. |
| Yanlış | Doğru |
|---|---|
| very more exciting | much more exciting |
| different than | different from |
📊 Karşılaştırma yazmak
Örnek karşılaştırma tablosu:
| Rafting | Paragliding | |
|---|---|---|
| Price | 800 TL | 1500 TL |
| Danger | medium | high |
| Duration | 2 hours | 30 minutes |
| Training | 15 minutes | 1 day |
| Age | 12+ | 16+ |
Tablodan çıkan cümleler:
| Cümle | Dayanağı |
|---|---|
| Rafting is cheaper than paragliding. | 800 < 1500 |
| Paragliding is more dangerous than rafting. | medium < high |
| Rafting lasts longer than paragliding. | 2 hours > 30 min |
| Paragliding needs more training than rafting. | 1 day > 15 min |
| You must be older for paragliding. | 16 > 12 |
| Rafting is not as expensive as paragliding. | eşitlik olumsuz |
| Paragliding is almost twice as expensive as rafting. | kat karşılaştırması |
Örnek metin:
In my opinion, rafting is better than paragliding for beginners. First of all, it is much cheaper: rafting costs about 800 liras, while paragliding costs nearly twice as much.
Secondly, rafting is not as dangerous as paragliding, and the training is shorter. You only need fifteen minutes of information, whereas paragliding needs a lot more training.
On the other hand, paragliding gives you the most breathtaking view I have ever seen. It is one of the most exciting sports in the world.
To sum up, if you are a beginner, rafting is the safer choice; but if you are the real adrenaline seeker, paragliding is the best.
Karşılaştırma bağlaçları:
| Bağlaç | Türkçesi | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| while | ... iken | Rafting is cheap, while paragliding is expensive. |
| whereas | oysa | He likes caving, whereas I prefer climbing. |
| however | ancak | However, it is more dangerous. |
| on the other hand | öte yandan | On the other hand, the view is better. |
| both ... and | ... de ... de | Both rafting and caving are exciting. |
| neither ... nor | ne ... ne | Neither rafting nor caving is boring. |
| like | gibi | Caving, like climbing, needs equipment. |
| unlike | ... in tersine | Unlike rafting, caving is quiet. |
✍️ Alıştırma
Comparative ve superlative yaz:
| Sıfat | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| cheap | cheaper | the cheapest |
| big | bigger | the biggest |
| easy | easier | the easiest |
| risky | riskier | the riskiest |
| exciting | more exciting | the most exciting |
| dangerous | more dangerous | the most dangerous |
| good | better | the best |
| bad | worse | the worst |
| far | farther / further | the farthest / furthest |
Boşluk doldurma:
| Cümle | Doğru biçim |
|---|---|
| Rafting is …… (cheap) than paragliding. | cheaper |
| Paragliding is …… (dangerous) than rafting. | more dangerous |
| It is …… (high) mountain in Türkiye. | the highest |
| This is …… (good) choice for beginners. | the best |
| Caving is as …… (exciting) as rafting. | exciting |
| Fishing is not as …… (tiring) as trekking. | tiring |
| It is one of …… (popular) sports in the world. | the most popular |
than, as mı in mi?
| Cümle | Doğru |
|---|---|
| Rafting is cheaper …… paragliding. | than |
| Caving is as exciting …… rafting. | as |
| It is the highest mountain …… Türkiye. | in |
| He is the fastest …… all the runners. | of |
| Caving is different …… climbing. | from |
Aynı anlamı başka biçimde yaz:
| Cümle | Eşdeğeri |
|---|---|
| Rafting is more exciting than fishing. | Fishing is not as exciting as rafting. |
| Paragliding is more expensive than rafting. | Rafting is cheaper than paragliding. |
| Caving is as hard as climbing. | Climbing is as hard as caving. |
| He is not as old as me. | He is younger than me. |
Hata bulma:
| Cümle | Doğru mu | Düzeltme |
|---|---|---|
| It is more cheaper. | ❌ | It is cheaper. |
| It is the most biggest. | ❌ | the biggest |
| It is gooder than that. | ❌ | better than that |
| Rafting is cheaper to paragliding. | ❌ | cheaper than |
| It is as more exciting as caving. | ❌ | as exciting as |
| It is very more dangerous. | ❌ | much more dangerous |
| one of the most exciting sport | ❌ | exciting sports |
| It is one of the safest sports. | ✅ | — |
🧩 Örnekle anlayalım
a) Hangi sıfatlar "-er", hangileri "more" alır?
b) "as ... as" yapısı nasıl kullanılır?
c) "It is more cheaper." cümlesinin yanlışı nedir?
Çözümü göster
a) Hece sayısına bakılır
| Sıfat türü | Comparative | Superlative | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tek heceli | -er | the -est | cheap → cheaper |
| İki heceli, -y ile biten | -ier | the -iest | easy → easier |
| İki heceli, öteki | more | the most | careful → more careful |
| Üç ve daha çok heceli | more | the most | dangerous → more dangerous |
Örnekler:
| Sıfat | Hece | Comparative |
|---|---|---|
| cheap | 1 | cheaper |
| safe | 1 | safer |
| big | 1 | bigger (ikizleşme) |
| easy | 2 (-y) | easier |
| risky | 2 (-y) | riskier |
| exciting | 3 | more exciting |
| dangerous | 3 | more dangerous |
| challenging | 3 | more challenging |
İki yazım kuralı:
| Kural | Örnek |
|---|---|
| Tek ünlü + tek ünsüz → ünsüz ikizleşir | big → bigger, hot → hotter |
| -e ile bitiyorsa yalnız -r | safe → safer, nice → nicer |
| -y ile bitiyorsa y → i | easy → easier |
Düzensiz olanlar ezberlenir:
| Sıfat | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| good | better | the best |
| bad | worse | the worst |
| far | farther / further | the farthest / furthest |
| little | less | the least |
| many / much | more | the most |
b) Eşitlik bildirir: "... kadar"
| Yapı | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| as + sıfat + as | ... kadar | Caving is as exciting as rafting. |
| not as + sıfat + as | ... kadar değil | Fishing is not as exciting as rafting. |
| not so + sıfat + as | ... kadar değil | Fishing is not so exciting as rafting. |
En önemli kural: as ... as arasına sıfatın yalın biçimi girer — comparative girmez.
| Yanlış | Doğru |
|---|---|
| as more exciting as | as exciting as |
| as cheaper as | as cheap as |
| as better as | as good as |
Miktar karşılaştırmak için:
| Yapı | Örnek |
|---|---|
| as much as | It costs as much as paragliding. |
| as many as | There were as many as fifty people. |
| twice as ... as | It is twice as expensive as rafting. |
| half as ... as | It is half as expensive as paragliding. |
not as ... as yapısı, comparative'in tersiyle aynı anlama gelir:
| not as ... as ile | comparative ile |
|---|---|
| Fishing is not as exciting as rafting. | Rafting is more exciting than fishing. |
| He is not as old as me. | He is younger than me. |
| It is not as cheap as that. | It is more expensive than that. |
c) Aynı cümlede iki kez karşılaştırma yapılmıştır
Doğrusu: It is cheaper.
cheap tek heceli olduğu için -er alır. more ile -er aynı işi görür; ikisi birlikte kullanılamaz.
| Yanlış | Doğru | Sebep |
|---|---|---|
| more cheaper | cheaper | iki kez karşılaştırma |
| more easier | easier | iki kez karşılaştırma |
| more excitinger | more exciting | iki kez karşılaştırma |
| the most biggest | the biggest | iki kez en üstünlük |
| more better | better | better zaten comparative |
| the most worst | the worst | worst zaten superlative |
Kural: bir sıfat ya -er / -est alır ya more / the most alır — ikisini birden almaz.
Başka sık yapılan hatalar:
| Yanlış | Doğru | Sebep |
|---|---|---|
| cheaper to | cheaper than | comparative than alır |
| different than | different from | kalıp |
| very more exciting | much more exciting | comparative much/far/a lot ile güçlenir |
| one of the best sport | one of the best sports | one of the çoğul alır |
| It is the cheaper. | It is cheaper. | comparative the almaz |
Son kural önemlidir: the yalnız superlative ile kullanılır, comparative ile kullanılmaz.
⚠️ Sık yapılan hatalar
- Bir sıfat ya -er ya more alır; ikisi birlikte kullanılmaz.
- as ... as arasına sıfatın yalın biçimi gelir.
- Comparative than, superlative in / of alır.
- Comparative much / far / a lot ile güçlenir, very ile güçlenmez.
✏️ Making Comparisons: Comparatives and Superlatives soruları
Şıkka dokun, doğru mu yanlış mı hemen gör; altında çözümü çıkar. Üyelik gerekmez.
1. "exciting" sıfatının karşılaştırma biçimi hangisidir?
Üç heceli sıfatlar more alır.
Tek heceliler -er alır.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Cevap: more exciting
Üç heceli sıfatlar more alır.
Tek heceliler -er alır.
2. "good" sıfatının en üstünlük biçimi hangisidir?
good düzensiz bir sıfattır.
better en üstünlük değil karşılaştırmadır.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Cevap: the best
good düzensiz bir sıfattır.
better en üstünlük değil karşılaştırmadır.
3. "Rafting is cheaper ___ paragliding." boşluğuna hangisi gelir?
Karşılaştırma than alır.
prefer deseydik to gelirdi.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Cevap: than
Karşılaştırma than alır.
prefer deseydik to gelirdi.
4. "Caving is as ___ as rafting." boşluğuna hangisi gelir?
as ile as arasına sıfatın yalın biçimi girer.
Eşitlik bildirilir.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Cevap: exciting
as ile as arasına sıfatın yalın biçimi girer.
Eşitlik bildirilir.
5. "It is ___ cheaper." cümlesinde hangisi doğrudur?
Karşılaştırma much, far ve a lot ile güçlenir.
very ile güçlenmez.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Cevap: much
Karşılaştırma much, far ve a lot ile güçlenir.
very ile güçlenmez.
📝 Bu konu hangi yazılıda çıkar?
Ünitenin yıl içindeki yerine göre genellikle şu yazılılarda sorulur. Okulunun konu dağılımı farklı olabilir.
📚 "Adventures" ünitesinin konuları
- Extreme Sports and Adventure Vocabulary
- Adjectives for Describing Activities
- Making Comparisons: Comparatives and Superlatives
- Expressing Preferences: Prefer, Would Rather and Would Like