← 9. Ünite: Science

📖 Talking About Past Events: Simple Past

Talking About Past Events: Simple Past, 8. Sınıf İngilizce dersinin 9. ünitesi "Science" içindeki konulardan biri. Ünite oyununda bu konudan 5 soru var. Aşağıda kısa konu anlatımı ve çözümlü 5 örnek soru bulursun. Soruları hemen çözebilirsin — üyelik gerekmez.

Hemen soru çöz ↓ Konu testi (5 soru, puanlı) Ünite testi Ünitenin bütün konuları

📖 Talking About Past Events: Simple Past konu anlatımı

12 dakikada okunur · 8. Sınıf İngilizce

Bu konuda geçmiş olayları anlatmayı öğreniyoruz. Simple Past zaman, geçmişte bitmiş işleri anlatır: Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

🔧 Simple Past biçimleri

Tür	Yapı	Örnek
Olumlu	özne + V2	He invented the telephone.
Olumsuz	özne + didn't + V1	He didn't invent it.
Soru	Did + özne + V1?	Did he invent it?
Wh- soru	Wh- + did + özne + V1?	When did he invent it?
Kısa yanıt	Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.	—

be fiili ayrıdır:

Tür	Yapı	Örnek
Olumlu	was / were	He was a scientist.
Olumsuz	wasn't / weren't	He wasn't a doctor.
Soru	Was / Were + özne?	Was he a scientist?

Özne	be
I, he, she, it	was
you, we, they	were

Düzenli fiiller — yazım kuralları:

Kural	Örnek
Doğrudan -ed	work → worked, test → tested
-e ile bitiyorsa -d	measure → measured, prove → proved
Tek ünlü + tek ünsüz → ikizleşir	stop → stopped, plan → planned
Ünsüz + -y → -ied	study → studied, try → tried
Ünlü + -y → -ed	play → played, enjoy → enjoyed
-l ile bitiyorsa (Britanya)	travel → travelled

Bilim konusunda sık geçen düzensiz fiiller:

V1	V2	V3	Türkçesi
find	found	found	bulmak
think	thought	thought	düşünmek
write	wrote	written	yazmak
read	read (red okunur)	read	okumak
see	saw	seen	görmek
make	made	made	yapmak
build	built	built	inşa etmek
grow	grew	grown	büyümek
become	became	become	olmak
win	won	won	kazanmak
begin	began	begun	başlamak
put	put	put	koymak
cut	cut	cut	kesmek
break	broke	broken	kırmak
teach	taught	taught	öğretmek

En sık yapılan hata: olumsuz ve soruda fiil yalın kalır.

Yanlış	Doğru
He didn't invented it.	He didn't invent it.
Did he invented it?	Did he invent it?
I didn't saw it.	I didn't see it.
Did you went there?	Did you go there?

Çünkü did zaten geçmişi gösterir; fiilin de geçmiş olmasına gerek yoktur.

⏰ Zaman belirteçleri

Belirteç	Örnek
yesterday	We did the experiment yesterday.
last night / week / year	He wrote the report last night.
... ago	It happened two days ago.
in 1876	Bell invented it in 1876.
in the 19th century	It was discovered in the 19th century.
when I was a child	When I was a child, I loved science.
at that time	At that time, there were no computers.
then	Then he repeated the experiment.
one day	One day, he noticed something strange.
by accident	He discovered it by accident.

ago kullanımı:

ago süreden sonra gelir ve Simple Past ile kullanılır.

Doğru	Yanlış
two days ago	~~ago two days~~
He came three years ago.	~~He has come three years ago.~~

Olayları sıralamak:

Bağlaç	Örnek
first	First, he noticed the mould.
then / after that	Then he carried out experiments.
when	When he arrived, the dish was open.
while	While he was working, he noticed it.
as soon as	As soon as he saw it, he wrote it down.
before / after	After he tested it, he published the result.
finally / in the end	Finally, he proved his theory.

Past Continuous ile birlikte:

Uzun süren bir işin ortasına kısa bir iş girerse:

Yapı	Örnek
while + Past Continuous, Simple Past	While he was working, he noticed the mould.
Simple Past + when + Past Continuous	He noticed it when he was cleaning the lab.
was/were + V-ing (arka plan)	He was working in his lab.

Zaman	İşlev
Past Continuous	arka plan, süren iş
Simple Past	olay, kısa iş

Örnek: He was working in his lab when he noticed that a mould was killing the bacteria.

used to — geçmiş alışkanlık:

Yapı	Örnek	Türkçesi
used to + V1	People used to write letters.	Eskiden mektup yazarlardı.
didn't use to + V1	They didn't use to have phones.	Telefonları yoktu.
Did ... use to + V1?	Did people use to travel by ship?	Gemiyle yolculuk ederler miydi?

Dikkat: olumsuz ve soruda use to olur, used to olmaz.

Yanlış	Doğru
They didn't used to have phones.	They didn't use to have phones.
Did they used to travel?	Did they use to travel?

📜 Olay anlatmak

Örnek metin — The Discovery of Penicillin

In 1928, Alexander Fleming was working in his laboratory in London. He was a Scottish scientist and he was studying bacteria.

One day, he went on holiday and left some dishes on his desk. When he came back, he noticed something strange: a mould was growing in one of the dishes, and the bacteria around it were dying.

Most people would have thrown the dish away, but Fleming didn't. He observed it carefully, carried out more experiments and wrote a report about it.

At first, other scientists weren't interested. It took more than ten years before two other scientists, Florey and Chain, developed it into a medicine.

Thanks to this discovery, millions of lives have been saved. Before penicillin, people used to die from simple infections.

Metni kuran yapılar:

Cümle	Yapı	İşlevi
He was working in his lab.	Past Continuous	arka plan
He went on holiday.	Simple Past	olay
When he came back, he noticed ...	when + Simple Past	sıra
a mould was growing	Past Continuous	süren iş
He didn't throw it away.	olumsuz	karşıtlık
It took ten years.	Simple Past	süre
People used to die.	used to	eski alışkanlık

Bir buluş öyküsünün bölümleri:

Bölüm	Kalıp
Zaman ve yer	In 1928, ... was working in ...
Kim	He was a Scottish scientist.
Olay	One day, he noticed ...
Tepki	He observed it and carried out experiments.
Güçlük	At first, other scientists weren't interested.
Sonuç	Thanks to this discovery, ...
Karşılaştırma	Before it, people used to ...

Yararlı kalıplar:

Kalıp	Türkçesi
by accident / by chance	kazara, rastlantıyla
at first	ilk başta
after a while	bir süre sonra
it took ... years	... yıl sürdü
thanks to	... sayesinde
as a result	sonuç olarak
since then	o zamandan beri

✍️ Alıştırma

V2 biçimini yaz:

V1	V2
invent	invented
study	studied
stop	stopped
travel	travelled
find	found
think	thought
write	wrote
see	saw
make	made
build	built
teach	taught
break	broke

Boşluk doldurma:

Cümle	Doğru biçim
Bell …… (invent) the telephone in 1876.	invented
Fleming …… (not / invent) penicillin.	didn't invent
…… Columbus …… (discover) America?	Did / discover
He …… (be) a Scottish scientist.	was
Other scientists …… (not / be) interested.	weren't
It …… (take) ten years.	took
People …… (use to) write letters.	used to

Olumsuz ve soru yap:

Cümle	Olumsuz	Soru
He invented it.	He didn't invent it.	Did he invent it?
They found the cell.	They didn't find the cell.	Did they find the cell?
She was a scientist.	She wasn't a scientist.	Was she a scientist?
We did the experiment.	We didn't do the experiment.	Did we do the experiment?

Simple Past mı Past Continuous mu?

Cümle	Doğru
While he …… (work), he noticed it.	was working
When he …… (come) back, he noticed it.	came
A mould …… (grow) in the dish.	was growing
He …… (write) a report about it.	wrote
At that moment, the bacteria …… (die).	were dying

used to biçimi:

Cümle	Doğru
People …… write letters.	used to
They …… have phones. (olumsuz)	didn't use to
…… they …… travel by ship?	Did / use to

Hata bulma:

Cümle	Doğru mu	Düzeltme
He didn't invented it.	❌	didn't invent
Did he invented it?	❌	Did he invent
I didn't saw it.	❌	didn't see
They didn't used to have phones.	❌	didn't use to
He has come three years ago.	❌	He came three years ago.
ago two days	❌	two days ago
While he was working, he noticed it.	✅	—
Bell invented the telephone in 1876.	✅	—

🧩 Örnekle anlayalım

a) Simple Past olumsuz ve soru biçimleri nasıl kurulur?
b) Simple Past ile Past Continuous ne zaman birlikte kullanılır?
c) "used to" yapısı ne anlatır, olumsuzu nasıl olur?

Çözümü göster

a) didn't ve Did ile kurulur, fiil yalın kalır

Tür	Yapı	Örnek
Olumlu	özne + V2	He invented it.
Olumsuz	özne + didn't + V1	He didn't invent it.
Soru	Did + özne + V1?	Did he invent it?
Wh- soru	Wh- + did + özne + V1?	When did he invent it?

En önemli kural: olumsuz ve soruda fiil yalın kalır, çünkü did zaten geçmişi gösterir.

Yanlış	Doğru
He didn't invented it.	He didn't invent it.
Did he invented it?	Did he invent it?
I didn't saw it.	I didn't see it.
Did you went there?	Did you go there?

be fiili ayrıdır — did almaz:

Tür	Örnek
Olumlu	He was a scientist.
Olumsuz	He wasn't a doctor.
Soru	Was he a scientist?

Yanlış	Doğru
He didn't be a doctor.	He wasn't a doctor.
Did he be a scientist?	Was he a scientist?

Kısa yanıtlar: Yes, he did. / No, he didn't. — be ile Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't.

b) Biri arka planı, öteki olayı anlatırken birlikte kullanılır

Zaman	İşlevi
Past Continuous (was/were + V-ing)	arka plan, süren uzun iş
Simple Past (V2)	olay, araya giren kısa iş

Üç kalıp:

Kalıp	Örnek
While + Past Continuous, Simple Past	While he was working, he noticed the mould.
Simple Past + when + Past Continuous	He noticed it when he was cleaning the lab.
When + Simple Past, Simple Past	When he came back, he noticed it.

Kolay yol:

Bağlaç	Genelde hangi zamanla
while	Past Continuous (süren iş)
when	Simple Past (kısa olay)

Örnek bir anlatı:

Cümle	Zaman	İşlevi
He was working in his lab.	Past Continuous	arka plan
A mould was growing in the dish.	Past Continuous	arka plan
One day he went on holiday.	Simple Past	olay
When he came back, he noticed it.	Simple Past	olay

İki uzun iş aynı anda sürüyorsa ikisi de Past Continuous olur: While he was working, the bacteria were dying.

c) Geçmişte düzenli yapılan ama artık yapılmayan işi anlatır

Yapı	Örnek	Türkçesi
used to + V1	People used to write letters.	Eskiden mektup yazarlardı.
didn't use to + V1	They didn't use to have phones.	Telefonları yoktu.
Did ... use to + V1?	Did people use to travel by ship?	Gemiyle yolculuk ederler miydi?

En önemli kural: olumsuz ve soruda used değil use olur, çünkü did zaten geçmişi gösterir.

Yanlış	Doğru
They didn't used to have phones.	They didn't use to have phones.
Did they used to travel?	Did they use to travel?

İki şeyi anlatır:

Kullanım	Örnek
Eski alışkanlık	I used to play football every day.
Artık olmayan durum	There used to be a cinema here.

Simple Past ile farkı:

Cümle	Anlamı
I played football yesterday.	Bir kez, dün oynadım.
I used to play football.	Düzenli olarak oynardım, artık oynamıyorum.

Dikkat: used to + V1 ile be used to + V-ing bambaşka yapılardır:

Yapı	Anlamı	Örnek
used to + V1	eskiden yapardı	I used to swim.
be used to + V-ing	alışkın olmak	I am used to swimming.
get used to + V-ing	alışmak	I am getting used to swimming.

Ayrıca would + V1 de eski alışkanlık anlatır ama durum için kullanılmaz: We would play outside doğrudur; "There would be a cinema" yanlıştır.

⚠️ Sık yapılan hatalar

Olumsuz ve soruda fiil yalın kalır: didn't invent, did he invent?
be fiili did almaz: wasn't, Was he?
didn't use to denir, "didn't used to" yanlıştır.
ago süreden sonra gelir ve Simple Past ile kullanılır.

💡 Aklında kalsın: Bu konuda geçmiş olayları anlatma öğretilir. Simple Past olumlu V2, olumsuz didn't + yalın fiil, soru Did + özne + yalın fiil biçiminde kurulur; olumsuz ve soruda fiil yalın kalır çünkü did zaten geçmişi gösterir. be fiili ayrıdır ve did almaz: was, were, wasn't, weren't kullanılır. Düzenli fiillerde -ed eklenir, -e ile bitende yalnız -d, tek ünlü ve tek ünsüzde ünsüz ikizleşir, ünsüz + y de -ied olur. Zaman belirteçleri yesterday, last night, ago, in 1876, when I was a child, at that time, then, one day ve by accidenttir; ago süreden sonra gelir. Past Continuous arka planı ve süren işi, Simple Past araya giren olayı anlatır; while genelde Past Continuous, when Simple Past ile kullanılır. used to + yalın fiil geçmiş alışkanlığı anlatır ve olumsuzla soruda didn't use to ve did use to olur.

Anladım, konu testini çöz ►

✏️ Talking About Past Events: Simple Past soruları

Şıkka dokun, doğru mu yanlış mı hemen gör; altında çözümü çıkar. Üyelik gerekmez.

1. "He didn’t ___ it." boşluğuna hangisi gelir?

Cevabı ve çözümü göster

Cevap: invent

Olumsuzda fiil yalın kalır.
didn’t already geçmişi gösterir.

2. "___ he invent the telephone?" boşluğuna hangisi gelir?

Cevabı ve çözümü göster

Cevap: Did

Simple Past sorusu Did ile kurulur.
be fiili olsaydı Was gelirdi.

3. "study" fiilinin geçmiş biçimi hangisidir?

Cevabı ve çözümü göster

Cevap: studied

Ünsüz + y ile bitende y i olur.
play deseydik played olurdu.

4. "While he ___ in his lab, he noticed the mould." boşluğuna hangisi gelir?

Cevabı ve çözümü göster

Cevap: was working

while genelde süren işle kullanılır.
Araya giren olay Simple Past olur.

5. "They ___ to have phones." cümlesinde eskiden olmadığını anlatmak için hangisi gelir?

Cevabı ve çözümü göster

Cevap: didn’t use

Olumsuzda used değil use olur.
did already geçmişi gösterir.

Bu konudaki 5 sorunun hepsini çöz ►

📝 Bu konu hangi yazılıda çıkar?

Ünitenin yıl içindeki yerine göre genellikle şu yazılılarda sorulur. Okulunun konu dağılımı farklı olabilir.

8. Sınıf İngilizce2. Dönem 2. Yazılı

📚 "Science" ünitesinin konuları

Science, Invention and Experiment Vocabulary
Talking About Past Events: Simple Past
Describing Current Actions: Present Continuous
Famous Scientists and Inventions