← 9. Ünite: Science

📖 Famous Scientists and Inventions

Famous Scientists and Inventions, 8. Sınıf İngilizce dersinin 9. ünitesi "Science" içindeki konulardan biri. Ünite oyununda bu konudan 5 soru var. Aşağıda kısa konu anlatımı ve çözümlü 5 örnek soru bulursun. Soruları hemen çözebilirsin — üyelik gerekmez.

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📖 Famous Scientists and Inventions konu anlatımı

13 dakikada okunur · 8. Sınıf İngilizce

Bu konuda ünlü bilim insanlarını ve buluşlarını anlatmayı öğreniyoruz. ... was invented by ... in ... kalıbı bir buluşu, Thanks to it, ... kalıbı ise etkisini anlatır.

🔧 Buluş anlatma kalıbı

Edilgen çatı — buluş anlatmanın temel yapısı:

Yapı	Örnek
... was invented by ... in ...	The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.
... was discovered by ... in ...	Penicillin was discovered by Fleming in 1928.
... was developed by ...	The vaccine was developed by scientists.
... was built in ...	The first computer was built in 1946.
... was written by ...	The book was written by a Turkish scientist.

Formül: nesne + was/were + V3 + by + kişi + in + yıl

Etken	Edilgen
Bell invented the telephone.	The telephone was invented by Bell.
Fleming discovered penicillin.	Penicillin was discovered by Fleming.
The Chinese invented paper.	Paper was invented by the Chinese.
Edison invented the light bulb.	The light bulb was invented by Edison.

was mı were mi?

Özne	be
tekil (the telephone)	was
çoğul (the first computers)	were

Yanlış	Doğru
The telephone were invented.	The telephone was invented.
The first computers was built.	The first computers were built.
The telephone was invent.	The telephone was invented.
The telephone invented by Bell.	The telephone was invented by Bell.

Soru biçimleri:

Soru	Örnek
Who was ... invented by?	Who was the telephone invented by?
When was ... invented?	When was it invented?
Where was ... invented?	Where was it invented?
What was invented in ...?	What was invented in 1876?
Who invented ...? (etken)	Who invented the telephone?

Dikkat: Who invented ...? sorusunda who öznedir, bu yüzden did gelmez.

Yanlış	Doğru
Who did invent the telephone?	Who invented the telephone?

🌍 Bilim insanları ve buluşlar

Dünyadan:

Kişi	Buluş ya da keşif	Yıl
Alexander Graham Bell	the telephone	1876
Thomas Edison	the light bulb	1879
Alexander Fleming	penicillin	1928
Marie Curie	radium and polonium	1898
Isaac Newton	the laws of gravity	1687
Louis Pasteur	the rabies vaccine	1885
Johannes Gutenberg	the printing press	1440
Wright Brothers	the aeroplane	1903
Albert Einstein	the theory of relativity	1905

Türkiye ve İslam dünyasından:

Kişi	Alanı
Al-Jazari	mechanical engineering, automata
Ibn Sina (Avicenna)	medicine, The Canon of Medicine
Al-Biruni	astronomy and geography
Piri Reis	cartography, world maps
Hezarfen Ahmed Çelebi	early flight attempts
Aziz Sancar	DNA repair, Nobel Prize in 2015
Cahit Arf	mathematics, the Arf invariant
Oktay Sinanoğlu	theoretical chemistry

Bir bilim insanını tanıtmak:

Kalıp	Örnek
... was born in ... in ...	Aziz Sancar was born in Mardin in 1946.
He / She studied ...	He studied medicine.
He / She worked on ...	He worked on DNA repair.
He / She discovered that ...	He discovered that cells repair their DNA.
He / She was awarded ...	He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2015.
He / She is known for ...	He is known for his work on DNA.
Thanks to his / her work, ...	Thanks to his work, new treatments were developed.

Örnek metin — Aziz Sancar

Aziz Sancar was born in Savur, Mardin, in 1946. He was one of eight children, and his parents couldn't read or write.

He studied medicine in İstanbul and became a doctor. Then he went to the United States, where he worked on DNA.

He discovered how cells repair their own DNA after it is damaged by sunlight. Thanks to this discovery, scientists understand cancer better today.

In 2015, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is the second Turkish scientist who has won a Nobel Prize.

In my opinion, his story shows that hard work is more important than money. He used to say that he owed everything to his family and his country.

💡 Buluşların etkisi

Etki anlatma kalıpları:

Kalıp	Örnek
Thanks to it, ...	Thanks to it, we can talk to anybody in the world.
It changed ...	It changed the way we communicate.
It made ... easier.	It made travelling easier.
Before it, people had to ...	Before it, people had to write letters.
Since then, ...	Since then, millions of lives have been saved.
Today it is used for ...	Today it is used for many purposes.
Without it, we would ...	Without it, we would still use candles.
It is one of the most important ...	It is one of the most important inventions in history.

Önce ve sonra karşılaştırmak:

Buluş	Before	After
the printing press	Books were copied by hand.	Books were printed quickly.
the telephone	People had to write letters.	People could talk at once.
the light bulb	People used candles.	Houses were lit with electricity.
penicillin	People used to die from infections.	Infections could be cured.
the aeroplane	Travelling took weeks.	Travelling takes hours.
the computer	Calculations were done by hand.	Calculations are done in seconds.

used to ile eski durumu anlatmak:

Cümle	Türkçesi
People used to write letters.	Eskiden mektup yazarlardı.
They didn't use to have phones.	Telefonları yoktu.
There used to be no electricity.	Elektrik yoktu.
Books used to be copied by hand.	Kitaplar elle çoğaltılırdı.

Örnek paragraf — The Printing Press

The printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440. Before it, books were copied by hand, so they were very expensive and only rich people could buy them.

Thanks to this invention, books could be printed quickly and cheaply. Since then, reading has become possible for everybody. It changed education forever.

In my opinion, it is one of the most important inventions in history. Without it, we would still copy books by hand, and most people wouldn't be able to read.

Sıralama ve bağlaçlar:

Bağlaç	İşlevi
first of all / to begin with	ilk sebep
secondly / in addition	ikinci sebep
for example	örnek
as a result / therefore	sonuç
however / on the other hand	karşıt yan
to sum up / in conclusion	sonuç

✍️ Alıştırma

Etkeni edilgene çevir:

Etken	Edilgen
Bell invented the telephone.	The telephone was invented by Bell.
Fleming discovered penicillin.	Penicillin was discovered by Fleming.
Edison invented the light bulb.	The light bulb was invented by Edison.
The Chinese invented paper.	Paper was invented by the Chinese.
They built the first computer in 1946.	The first computer was built in 1946.

Boşluk doldurma:

Cümle	Doğru biçim
The telephone …… (invent) by Bell in 1876.	was invented
The first computers …… (build) in the 1940s.	were built
Aziz Sancar …… (award) the Nobel Prize in 2015.	was awarded
Penicillin …… (not / invent); it …… (discover).	wasn't invented / was discovered
Who …… the telephone …… (invent) by?	was / invented
Books …… (copy) by hand before 1440.	were copied

Eşleştirme:

Kişi	Buluş
Bell	the telephone
Edison	the light bulb
Fleming	penicillin
Gutenberg	the printing press
Marie Curie	radium
Aziz Sancar	DNA repair
Piri Reis	world maps
Ibn Sina	The Canon of Medicine

Önce ve sonra:

Buluş	Before	After
the printing press	Books were copied by hand.	Books were printed quickly.
the telephone	People had to write letters.	People could talk at once.
the light bulb	People used candles.	Houses were lit with electricity.
penicillin	People used to die from infections.	Infections could be cured.

Doğru soru biçimi:

Yanıt	Soru
Bell.	Who was the telephone invented by? / Who invented the telephone?
In 1876.	When was it invented?
Penicillin.	What was discovered in 1928?
In Mardin.	Where was Aziz Sancar born?

Hata bulma:

Cümle	Doğru mu	Düzeltme
The telephone invented by Bell.	❌	was invented by Bell
The telephone was invent by Bell.	❌	was invented
The first computers was built in 1946.	❌	were built
Who did invent the telephone?	❌	Who invented the telephone?
Fleming invented penicillin.	❌	Fleming discovered penicillin
Penicillin was discovered by Fleming in 1928.	✅	—
Thanks to it, millions of lives have been saved.	✅	—

Kendi paragrafını yaz:

Bölüm	Örnek
Buluş	The light bulb was invented by Edison in 1879.
Öncesi	Before it, people used candles.
Etkisi	Thanks to it, houses were lit safely.
Görüş	In my opinion, it is one of the most important inventions.
Sonuç	Without it, we would still use candles.

🧩 Örnekle anlayalım

a) Bir buluşu anlatmanın temel kalıbı nedir?
b) "Who invented the telephone?" sorusunda niçin "did" kullanılmaz?
c) Bir buluşun etkisini anlatmak için hangi kalıplar kullanılır?

Çözümü göster

a) Edilgen çatı: nesne + was/were + V3 + by + kişi + in + yıl

Yapı	Örnek
... was invented by ... in ...	The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.
... was discovered by ... in ...	Penicillin was discovered by Fleming in 1928.
... was built in ...	The first computer was built in 1946.
... was awarded ...	He was awarded the Nobel Prize.

Etkenden edilgene geçiş:

Adım	İşlem	Örnek
1	Nesneyi başa al	the telephone
2	be fiilini seç	tekil + geçmiş → was
3	Fiili V3 yap	invented
4	Eski özneyi by ile ekle	by Bell
5	Yılı in ile ekle	in 1876

Sonuç: The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.

Yanlış	Doğru	Sebep
The telephone invented by Bell.	was invented by	be eksik
The telephone was invent.	was invented	V3 gerekir
The first computers was built.	were built	çoğul özne
The telephone was invented from Bell.	by Bell	by kullanılır

Niçin edilgen? Çünkü cümlenin konusu buluştur, bulan kişi değildir. by ancak bulan kişi önemliyse eklenir.

b) Çünkü "who" cümlenin öznesidir

Soru sözcüğü cümlenin öznesi olduğunda yardımcı fiil kullanılmaz ve sıralama bozulmaz.

Soru	who ne?	did var mı
Who invented the telephone?	özne (icat eden)	yok
Who did you call?	nesne (aranan)	var

Yanlış	Doğru
Who did invent the telephone?	Who invented the telephone?
Who did discover penicillin?	Who discovered penicillin?
What did happen?	What happened?

Aynı soruyu edilgen biçimde de kurabiliriz; o zaman who nesne olur ve yapı değişir:

Yapı	Soru
Etken (who = özne)	Who invented the telephone?
Edilgen (who = by'ın nesnesi)	Who was the telephone invented by?

İkisi de doğrudur ve aynı yanıtı alır: Bell.

Başka buluş soruları:

Soru	Yanıt
When was it invented?	In 1876.
Where was it invented?	In the USA.
What was discovered in 1928?	Penicillin.
Who was Aziz Sancar?	A Turkish scientist.
Where was he born?	In Mardin.

c) Sekiz etki kalıbı

Kalıp	Örnek
Thanks to it, ...	Thanks to it, we can talk to anybody.
It changed ...	It changed the way we communicate.
It made ... easier.	It made travelling easier.
Before it, people had to ...	Before it, people had to write letters.
Since then, ...	Since then, millions of lives have been saved.
Today it is used for ...	Today it is used for many purposes.
Without it, we would ...	Without it, we would still use candles.
It is one of the most important ...	It is one of the most important inventions in history.

En etkili anlatım önce ve sonrayı karşılaştırır:

Buluş	Before	After
the printing press	Books were copied by hand.	Books were printed quickly.
the telephone	People had to write letters.	People could talk at once.
the light bulb	People used candles.	Houses were lit with electricity.
penicillin	People used to die from infections.	Infections could be cured.
the aeroplane	Travelling took weeks.	Travelling takes hours.

Eski durumu anlatırken used to ve had to çok işe yarar:

Kalıp	Örnek
used to + V1	People used to write letters.
didn't use to + V1	They didn't use to have phones.
there used to be	There used to be no electricity.
had to + V1	People had to copy books by hand.

Örnek bir paragraf: The printing press was invented by Gutenberg in 1440. Before it, books were copied by hand. Thanks to this invention, books could be printed cheaply. Since then, reading has become possible for everybody. Without it, most people wouldn't be able to read.

⚠️ Sık yapılan hatalar

Buluşlar edilgen anlatılır: was invented by, "invented by" değil.
was/were yeni özneye uyar: computers were built.
Who invented ...? sorusunda did kullanılmaz.
invent olmayanı yapmak, discover var olanı bulmaktır.

💡 Aklında kalsın: Bu konuda ünlü bilim insanları ve buluşları anlatılır. Temel kalıp edilgendir: nesne + was ya da were + V3 + by + kişi + in + yıl. The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876 ve Penicillin was discovered by Fleming in 1928 örnek cümlelerdir. be fiili yeni özneye uyar ve V3 ile by unutulmaz. Who invented sorusunda who özne olduğu için did kullanılmaz; aynı soru edilgen biçimde Who was it invented by olarak da kurulabilir. Bilim insanını tanıtırken was born in, studied, worked on, discovered that, was awarded, is known for ve Thanks to his work kalıpları kullanılır. Buluşun etkisi Thanks to it, It changed, It made easier, Before it people had to, Since then, Today it is used for, Without it we would ve It is one of the most important kalıplarıyla anlatılır. Eski durumu anlatmak için used to ve had to kullanılır.

Anladım, konu testini çöz ►

✏️ Famous Scientists and Inventions soruları

Şıkka dokun, doğru mu yanlış mı hemen gör; altında çözümü çıkar. Üyelik gerekmez.

1. "The telephone ___ by Bell in 1876." boşluğuna hangisi gelir?

Cevabı ve çözümü göster

Cevap: was invented

Buluşlar edilgen anlatılır.
was ya da were + V3 kurulur.

2. "The first computers ___ in the 1940s." boşluğuna hangisi gelir?

Cevabı ve çözümü göster

Cevap: were built

computers çoğuldur.
Çoğul öznede were kullanılır.

3. "___ invented the telephone?" boşluğuna hangisi gelir?

Cevabı ve çözümü göster

Cevap: Who

who cümlenin öznesidir.
Özne sorusunda did kullanılmaz.

4. Aziz Sancar hangi alandaki çalışmasıyla Nobel aldı?

Cevabı ve çözümü göster

Cevap: DNA onarımı

Hücrelerin DNA onarımını açıkladı.
2015 Nobel Kimya Ödülü verildi.

5. Matbaadan önce kitaplar nasıl çoğaltılırdı?

Cevabı ve çözümü göster

Cevap: elle kopyalanarak

Books were copied by hand.
Bu yüzden kitaplar çok pahalıydı.

Bu konudaki 5 sorunun hepsini çöz ►

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8. Sınıf İngilizce2. Dönem 2. Yazılı

📚 "Science" ünitesinin konuları

Science, Invention and Experiment Vocabulary
Talking About Past Events: Simple Past
Describing Current Actions: Present Continuous
Famous Scientists and Inventions